Интерпретация пространственных выражений: к проблеме неоднозначности (на материале немецкого и русского языков)

Abstract

Рассматривается проблема употребления предлогов vor/перед, hinter/за, обозначающих полярные векторы ориентации в пространстве по горизонтали «спереди – сзади» в немецком и русском языках. = The article discusses the problem of the usage of the prepositions vor/перед, hinter/за that define the opposite vectors of spatial orientation in the horizontal direction “in front of – behind” in the German and Russian languages. As was found out, in the two compared languages, while defining certain types of space situations, the prepositions that name opposite horizontal vectors are regularly used (vor der Tür/за дверью, vor dem Fenster/за окном). In psycholinguistic studies, the use of the prepositions in constructions of such types is explained by a psychological factor: by the choice of the perspective which the localizing object as well as the viewer can be. In relation to the researched prepositional constructions it would mean that the studied languages native speakers make use of different strategies in their choice of the perspective. The article features the results of the psycholinguistic experiments that prove the following: the use of the opposite in terms of the orientation prepositions in descriptions of one and the same situation is determined not by the above mentioned psychological factor but by the semantic features of the discussed language items.